Secrets About Texas Essay Topics Revealed

Secrets About Texas Essay Topics Revealed It's even worse when you must submit several assignments at the exact same moment. A trusted writing services company may assist you with all that. As an example, let's say you select the very first topic from our list. Writing prompts are among the best methods to create confident writers who take pleasure in the approach. If you are searching for college essay examples, here's a great one below. The college essay is among the most essential elements of your college application. All things considered, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. Opt for the period of life which you think is best and compose an essay arguing why it's the very best time of life. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. The issue here is that you're very likely to be awarded an inadequate grade which you did not mean to become in the very first place. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. At some point, they think that it is necessary to seek help when they h ave to write essays. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on unique views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. While students may initially enjoy the idea of selecting an essay topic, they soon understand that the determination of essay topic ideas can be somewhat difficult. On the flip side, if you've got to compose a persuasive essay, all the matters mentioned previously don't play such significant function. At exactly the same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a fantastic cause and effect essay topic. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. When you choose a topic, you should reply to the query and substantiate your response with three or more motivations as to why you think like that. Texas Essay Topics for Dummies Essays shouldn't be written carelessly. 1 important thing that you ought to do when writing your essay is to help it become personal. A thesis has to be arguable like in an argumentative or persuasive essay to create the readers wish to debate. It will give you a guideline on how to go about with writing the essay. Studying should consist of task of essay that argues a specific idea. Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. You should have skills to compose a fantastic essay. Permit the professional academic writers help to your informative paper! It's therefore important to cautiously consider different college essay topics. If you're in a college and wish to compose an argumentative essay, you should select a subject of high importance. In some instances, the college will supply an essay topic for you. Details of Texas Essay Topics Year round school isn't a good idea. Some schools in the USA are requiring that students volunteer for a number of hours each semester to assist on a community issue. Texas is an area of mystery and intrigue. It was not always a part of the United States of America. The Hidden Secret of Texas Essay Topics School should occur in the evenings. An argumentative essay is a kind of academic papers that students write in the center school. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. Training to compose essays on various topics is going to be th e very best preparation to the exam. That means you can brush up on your favourite topics. You will likely find a different and good topic you will love to write about. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. The only rule to follow when selecting a topic for your college essay is to select the topic you're eager to write about. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but remember to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. So make certain that you decide on a subject, which has values in it. No subject or topic is too hard for our professionals to manage.

Early Pregnancy - 4925 Words

EARLY PREGNANCY: ITS RISKS AND HARM ________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fullment Of The Requirements In English IV F.Bangoy National Highschool Sasa, Davao City ________________________________________________________________ A Research Paper Presented To: Arvin Maturan Genovate English IV Teacher ________________________________________________________________ By: Rhea Lyca Suarez, Angelo Jadloc, May Ann Ganas Jon Boni Podador, Analyn Naquila, Alvin Cabusora John Mark Desierto, Michelle Cabagong, Jovelyn Roxas ________________________________________________________________ December 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS I . CHAPTER 1 Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1†¦show more content†¦Having a child comes with lots of responsibility. Teen don’t think of the consequences of their actions. Raising a child as teen is difficult, but raising a child alone would be more impossible. If you are thinking about having sexual intercourse, it is important to know first that the effects can last a lifetime. 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to gain insight into the personal experiences of pregnant learners. It seeks to explore the impact of pregnancy on the adolescent psychological well-being. Other objectives: * To discuss about the reasons why teenagers commits sex. * To inform the teenager’s about the consequences of having a sexual intercourse at an early age. * To explore the world of being a single mother at young age. * To know the different challenges being faced by this teenagers. * To know if there is enough support system for this early pregnancy victims 3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study is all about having a sexual intercourse of teenagers that results to early pregnancy. As we observed today, there is an increasing percentage of the teenage women’s who was being involved in this arising issue across the country. The researchers aims to know what are the possible reasons behind this alarming issue. There are many differentShow MoreRelatedEarly Pregnancy4113 Words   |  17 PagesGeneral Topics: Pregnancy Narrow Topic: Teenage Pregnancy Thesis Statement: Early Pregnancy places young women’s health and lives at risk as teenage girls over15 years of age twice as like to die from childbirth compared to women in their twenties. Outline I. Early Pregnancy A. Definition B. Classification II. Causes of Early Pregnancy A. Curiosity B. Lack of Knowledge C. Experimenting III. Effects A. Death B. Poverty C. Stop of schooling IV. ConclusionRead MoreEarly Pregnancy2116 Words   |  9 PagesEarly Pregnancy young mothers are observable to some extent. 5. There is no significant relationship between the possible causes of early pregnancy and academic performances. Thus... Premium Significance Of a Study Significance of the Study The study of the knowledge, attitude and practice on premarital sex of senior high school students in a certain national high... PremiumSaved Early Pregnancy possible reasons. This paper focuses on determining the possible reasons for early pregnancy among teenagersRead MoreThe Early Signs Of Pregnancy917 Words   |  4 Pagesget another test done only to be disappointed before you are reasonably sure. So what are the early signs of pregnancy? What do you look for so that you know that you need to get a test done? There are at least ten definite signs that can tell you very early that you are finally pregnant. Many women will only experience a couple of signs and some will notice nearly all of the very early signs of pregnancy. From the time of conception, it takes about 5-7 days for the embryo to travel down the fallopianRead MorePregnancy Symptoms : Top Early Signs Of Pregnancy Essay2042 Words   |  9 PagesPregnancy symptoms: Top early signs of pregnancy: Introduction: Are you getting some signs that could indicate your pregnancy? Many early symptoms might confirm that you are pregnant within a few weeks after conception. Although your midwife or ob-gyn will confirm your pregnancy during your first pregnancy in the 8th week, you may actually show some early signs even by the time of 5-6 weeks. How a woman’s body does change during pregnancy? Pregnancy is a complicated phase in a woman’s life.Read MoreObesity And Pregnancy : Early Education And Prevention1290 Words   |  6 PagesObesity and Pregnancy: Early education and prevention Alicia Gonzalez de Arreola ENG 122: English Composition Professor Amy Erickson August 25, 2014 â€Æ' Obesity and Pregnancy: Early Education and Prevention Obesity has become an epidemic not only in the United States, it is worldwide (Sullivan, 2014). Obesity affects both mother and child leading to severe complications during and after birth, therefore measures should be taken to monitor and educate women and women who plan on becoming pregnant.Read MoreSocio-Economic Status Affecting the Early Teenage Pregnancy5379 Words   |  22 PagesChapter I The Problems and its Background Introduction National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy says that teenage pregnancy is occurring in an adolescent girl between the ages of 13 to 18. Socioeconomic is one factor in which is the social and economic experiences that help mold ones personality, attitudes, and lifestyle. It can also define regions and neighborhoods. Socioeconomic factors also include the ethnicity, and sense of community. Socioeconomic status is basedRead MoreEarly Pregnancy Among Adolescent Females With Serious Emotional Disturbances1317 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose: The article â€Å"Early Pregnancy among Adolescent Females with Serious Emotional Disturbances: Risk Factors and Outcomes† suggest that teenage pregnancy has many disadvantages that affect the child, mother, and society as a whole. Adolescents who have children early are less likely to provide adequately for their children, more likely to drop out of school, and receive assistance from the government (Yampolsya, Brown, Greenban, 2002). Yampolsya et al., (2002) hypothesized that risk factorsRead MoreThe Pregnancy And Childbearing Practices At The Late Fall And Early Winter We All Deer Hunt1179 Words   |  5 PagesFood Traditions My family and I are avid hunters. During the late fall and early winter we all deer hunt. A traditional Christmas meal for my family does not include turkey or ham, but instead deer loin. During Thanksgiving we do not eat the traditional American turkey, but instead chukar, a type of small bird. Hunting gives you hormone free food and is much healthier for you than the grocery store processed food. Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices Raising children in this day and age can becomeRead MoreAn Early Pregnancy Is No Fairy Tale945 Words   |  4 Pagesmore consumers. Advertisement is a form of communication that focus on a certain topic without sounding too needy or annoying. The ad â€Å"An Early Pregnancy is No Fairy Tale† conveys a message of early teen pregnancy and tries to prevent it from happening. The advertisement represents the ironic story of Snow White and the seven Dwarfs to indicates that early pregnancy will ruin people’s dream of a fairy tale. The advertisement is a picture of Snow White and her seven children that represent the sevenRead MoreAn Early Pregnancy Is No Fairy Tale925 Words   |  4 Pagesand gain more consumers. Advertisement is a form of communication that focuses on a certain topic without sounding too needy or annoying. The ad â€Å"An Early Pregnancy is No Fairy Tale† conveys a message to control and stop teen pregnancy. The advertisement represents the ironic story of Snow White and the seven Dwarfs to indicate that early pregnancy can ruin a person’s dream of a fairy tale. The advertisement is a picture of Snow White and her seven children that represents the seven Dwarfs. Instead

Hot Tub Mystery free essay sample

Also, the investigators should also check the background of the maid to see if there are any motives or presumptive connections between her and the victims. List any physiological effects that you think would be associated with this situation. Since there are discovered empty bottles of wine, it is only justifiable to assume that there is some connection between the death of the couples and the physiological effect of alcohol. How might these physiological effects have contributed to the Underbill’s death? There is some probable cause that the reason for the Underbill’s death is closely associated with the fact that they are drunk thus delimiting their normal state of alertness leading them to drown. Make an initial speculation about the cause of the Underbill’s death. As also expressed by the condition of the victims and the crime scene, there are only two possible cause for the Underbill’s death namely the factor attributed to drinking of alcohol leading to their death and the unusually temperature of the water causing them to faint and drown. Part II- The Investigation Do you think that the couple died before or as a result of going under the water of the tub? Explain your reasoning. As also expressed by the evidences and the investigation, it appears that the couple died as a result of going under the water of the tub because if they did died before going under the tub, there are high chances that their bodies wouldn’t not go under the water at all since they are already dead. What is the effect of Lasix on Mr. Underbill? There are two common effects of Lasix on Mr.Underbill as gathered in the investigation, first is that he has to use the bathroom more often and that has a therapeutic effect on him thus ruling that he is using the drug for medicinal purpose. What is meant by â€Å"blood alcohol level†? The blood alcohol level is the measurement used to determine how much alcohol did a person consumed. It is measured by determining the amount of alcohol in a person blood per specific ratio or quantity that is already mixed or diluted. What are the general effects of alcohol on the brain? On the other parts of the body? Alcohol is known to delimit or impair certain cognitive abilities of a person in the brain such as maintaining balance, logical reasoning and spatial determination. It is also known to lower the blood pressure of the person due to its sedative effect. How fast is alcohol metabolized? Since it is liquid in nature, alcohol is quickly dispersed in the body after consummation and its effects remain depends on the tolerance level of the person. Frequent drinkers are known to metabolize alcoholism faster than rare drinkers do. What are the effects of a . 20% BAL on a 160lb man and on a 120lb woman? .20% BAL is already considered as a high level of alcoholism thus its has high effects to a 160lb man and a 120lb woman. Though it is obvious that sometimes women have lower tolerance with alcohol than men thus they display higher delimiting capabilities compare to men. The said BAL is also enough to disable most of the normal functions of the brain and body. Part III – The Final How does the body regulate blood pressure? Some of the normal physiological reactions of the body to regulate blood pressure is to modulate the heartbeat of the person and/or adjust the expansion or constriction of the arterial walls and blood vessels to normalize the pressure. What were the specific effects of the Lasix, hot water, and alcohol on the couple’s blood pressure? Hot water, Lasix and alcohol are known to reduce the blood pressure of a person and if these three substances were taken at once then its reduction effect will become highly significant or can even posts certain danger for the person. What could the body have done to reverse the decreasing blood pressure, if it had been possible? Probably, the bodies of the victims can reverse the decreasing blood pressure by increasing the heartbeat and constricting the arterial walls to initially increase the pressure to normal rate. Identify several procedures that might have helped save the couple if they had been found unconscious but still above the water and alive. Several first aid treatment could have been done to the couples to reverse their decreasing blood pressure condition if they were found above the water such as injecting them with adrenaline to hasten their heart movement or give them CPR to revive their consciousness. Essay The physiology of the human body works like a single, intricate machine with one part affecting the whole. In like manner, every single condition that the human body experience has an effect to another system and its function. This idea can be further explained by studying the conditional effect of some of the cardio-pulmonary system with the nervous system, the kidney and the adrenal glands and vice versa. One of the best examples of this idea is the heart rate. It is an obvious fact that the heart rate of the person can be influence by certain emotional factor determined by the nervous system. Feeling of fear is known to drastically increase the heart rate of an individual thus emphasizing the direct correlation between the two. Also, the adrenal glands and their secreted hormones can also influence the heart rate of an individual such as the effects of adrenaline to the heart rate and others. In like manner, the peripheral resistance, venous return, stroke volume, blood viscosity, cardiac output and end systolic and diastolic volumes are also affected by the conditions of the nervous system and the adrenal glands. During moments where there are intense emotions and need for survival arises, the nervous system drastically increase most of the cardio-pulmonary condition such as he ones mentioned to increase oxygen intake and body reaction to cope up with the situation. In like manner, the hormones of the adrenal glands also drastically hasten up the functions of the said system to intensely increase the energy availability and body abilities. For needs to regulate the blood pressure, the kidney significantly influence the said cardio-pulmonary system to maintain the normal pressure and stabilize the body function during adverse situation.

Marfan Syndrome Essay Example

Marfan Syndrome Essay Marfan Syndrome Have you ever wondered about the diseases that you can get from your parents? One of these major diseases that can change someone’s life is called the Marfan Syndrome. Marfan Syndrome is a disorder of connective tissue that is inherited from the parents. The bones and circulatory system are usually the parts of the body that are longer and the ones that are changed because of the disease. There are many things that can cause a disease. Marfan syndrome is caused by a mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene. The gene produces a protein that is essential for formatting the elastic fibers found in connective tissue. About 75 percent of people with Marfan syndrome inherit the mutation from one affected parent. A parent who has Marfan syndrome has a 50 percent chance of passing the disease on to his or her child. Two unaffected parents have a 1 in 10,000 chance of having a child with Marfan syndrome. About 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the gene. Marfan syndrome affects different people in different ways. Some people have only mild symptoms such as their body and bones being longer. On the other hand, other people are more severely affected because it affects their vital organ(s) or organ system(s). We will write a custom essay sample on Marfan Syndrome specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marfan Syndrome specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marfan Syndrome specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The body systems most often affected by Marfan syndrome are the Skeleton, Eyes, Heart and blood vessels, Nervous system, Skin, and the Lungs. However, in most cases, the more someone ages, the more the Marfan syndrome symptoms will progress. So because of this the person will not relieve that they have the disease. The life of someone with Marfan Syndrome is very different than someone with no disease. One of the most important things is to avoid putting extra stress on the heart. That means avoiding any sport where theres a lot of running, physical contact, muscle straining, or the chance of getting hit in the chest. Some examples would be things like basketball, football, baseball, gymnastics, weightlifting, and track. The people with Marfan syndrome can only play safe activates (activates that are given by the doctor). The Safe activities are usually competitive bike riding, swimming, or dancing. Another thing people who have Marfan syndrome should never do is smoke or use tobacco products. Other than the examples of things that they cannot do, people with Marfan syndrome are just like everyone else, only maybe a little taller. Some diseases can be passed from one person to another but Marfan Syndrome isn’t one of those diseases. In most cases, the gene for Marfan syndrome runs in families, getting passed down to children from parents who have the disease. In these cases, a kid may have grandparents, aunts, uncles, or cousins who also have the disease. Every kid born to a parent who has Marfan syndrome has a 50% chance of having it, too. Sometimes, though, neither parent has the disease. In these cases, a normal gene accidentally changed when a baby was first developing. This baby will be the first person in his or her family to have the disease, and as a grown-up will have a 50% chance of passing the changed gene on to each of his or her children. If someone had a disease it would make their lives different than someone with no disease. Teens with Marfan syndrome who are nearsighted will probably have to wear glasses or contact lenses. If the lens of the eye becomes severely damaged, surgery may be necessary to fix eye problems. Some Teens develop scoliosis, abnormal curve in the spine, and then they have to wear a special back brace. Sometimes severe cases of scoliosis and chest wall problems may require surgery. If the person has heart problems associated with Marfan syndrome would need to have heart surgery or always take antibiotics to prevent an infection in the walls of the heart, which would be caused by the bacteria entering the bloodstream. You would need to take them before going outside, regularly waking up in the morning or even going to sleep at night. If you were to have Marfan Syndrome, it would affect your organ systems and make you look/be different than other people that don’t have a disease. Examples of organ systems that are affected by Marfan Syndrome would be the Skeletal system, the muscular system, your heart and you blood vessels. It would affect your bone by making you very tall, slender, and loose jointed. You’re Arms, legs, fingers, and toes may be disproportionately long in relation to the rest of the body because Marfan syndrome affects the long bones of the skeleton. A person with Marfan syndrome usually has a long, narrow face, and the roof of the mouth may be arched, causing the teeth to be crowded. It weakens and stretches your muscles and begins to place weight on the vertebrae in the lower spine. It would also start to wear away the bone surrounding the spinal cord. It would also make your heart weaker and more vulnerable to damage and kill the person with the disease. It would then affect your blood vessels by making the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body, weak and it will stretch. Then because of this it will increase the risk that the artery will erupt and if it does it will cause serious heart problems or sudden death. Our Lives are very short and when you have a disease it makes your life even shorter. People with Marfan Syndrome have to face this catastrophe everyday of their lives. Wondering when they will die because of their disease. If I had a genetic disease, I would be very sad and not happy because I would wonder when I would die. The people who don’t have this disease should ask their selves, â€Å"What would I do if I had a genetic disease†? You should always ask you’re self because you never know what can happen to someone in one lifetime. â€Å"

Ulysses S Grant at the Battle of Shiloh

Ulysses S Grant at the Battle of Shiloh General Ulysses Grant’s overwhelming victories at Forts Henry and Donelson in February 1862 caused the withdrawal of Confederate forces not only from the State of Kentucky but also from most of Western Tennessee. Brigadier General Albert Sidney Johnston positioned his forces, numbered at 45,000 troops, at and around Corinth, Mississippi. This location was an important transportation center since it was a junction for both the Mobile Ohio and Memphis Charleston railroads, often referred to as the crossroads of the Confederacy. General Johnston Dies During a Sneak Attack By April 1862, Major General Grant’s Army of Tennessee had grown to nearly 49,000 soldiers. They needed a rest, so Grant made camp on the western side of the Tennessee River at Pittsburg Landing while he was awaiting re-enforcements and also training soldiers who had no battle experience. Grant was also planning with Brigadier General William T. Sherman for their attack on the Confederate Army at Corinth, Mississippi. Further, Grant was waiting for the Army of Ohio to arrive, commanded by Major General Don Carlos Buell.   Instead of sitting and waiting at Corinth, General Johnston had moved his Confederate troops near Pittsburg Landing. On the morning of April 6, 1862, Johnston made a surprise attack against Grant’s Army pushing their backs up against the Tennessee River. Around 2:15 p.m. that day, Johnston was shot behind his right knee and  died within an hour. Before his death, Johnston sent his personal physician to treat injured Union soldiers. There is speculation that Johnston didn’t feel the injury to his right knee due to numbness from a wound to his pelvis that he suffered from a duel fought during the Texas War for Independence in 1837. Grants Counter Attack The Confederate forces were now led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Though Grants forces were believed to be vulnerable, Beauregard made what would prove to be an unwise decision to cease fighting near dusk of that first day. That evening, Major General Buell and his 18,000 soldiers finally arrived at Grant’s camp near Pittsburg’s Landing. In the morning, Grant made his counter-attack against the Confederate forces resulting in a major victory for the Union Army. In addition, Grant and Sherman forged a close friendship on the Shiloh battlefield that remained with them throughout the Civil War and arguably led to the ultimate victory by Union at the end of this conflict.   Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh is probably one of the most significant battles of the Civil War. In addition to losing the battle, the Confederacy suffered a loss that may have cost them the war- Brigadier General Albert Sidney Johnston’s death that happened on the first day of the battle. History has considered General Johnston to have been the Confederacy’s most able commander at the time of his death – Robert E. Lee was not a field commander at this time- as Johnston had been a career military officer with over 30 years of active experience. By the end of the war, Johnston would be the highest ranking officer killed on either side.   The Battle of Shiloh was the deadliest battle in the history of the U.S. up until that time with casualties that exceeded a total of 23,000 for both sides. After the Battle of Shiloh, it was quite clear to Grant that the only way to defeat the Confederacy would be to destroy their armies. Grant Excels Despite His Alcoholism Although Grant received both praise and criticism for his actions leading up to and during the Battle of Shiloh, Major General Henry Halleck removed Grant from command of the Army of the Tennessee and transferred command to Brigadier General George H. Thomas. Halleck based his decision partially on allegations of alcoholism on the part of Grant and promoted Grant to the position of being second-in-command of the western armies, which essentially removed Grant from being an active field commander. Grant wanted to command, and he was ready to resign and walk away until Sherman convinced him otherwise. After Shiloh, Halleck made a snail crawl to Corinth, Mississippi taking 30 days to move his army 19 miles and in the process allowed the entire Confederate force stationed there just to walk away. Needless to say, Grant was returned to his position of commanding the Army of the Tennessee and Halleck became the Union’s general-in-chief. This means that Halleck moved away from the front and became a bureaucrat whose major responsibility was the coordination of all Union forces in the field. This was a key decision as Halleck was able to excel in this position and work well with Grant as they continued to fight the Confederacy.

How to Easily Make Glow in the Dark Ice

How to Easily Make Glow in the Dark Ice Open up a bottle of tonic water, pour it into an ice cube tray, and stick it in the freezer. Tonic water glows vivid bright blue under a black light. The glow is activated by other sources of ultraviolet light, such as fluorescent lights or sunlight, though the glow wont appear as bright in part because the room wont be as dark. If you want to duplicate the effect in the photo, you need a black light somewhere in the room with the ice. Glowing Ice Flavor Tips Tonic water tastes vile, so heres a couple of tips for improving the flavor of the ice cubes. The first tip is to dilute the tonic water. If you mix the tonic water with normal water, your ice cubes will last longer (pure tonic water cubes melt fairly quickly) and wont taste as much like quinine (the ingredient responsible for the glow). Otherwise, you can cut it with lemonade or another sweet-sour drink that wont suffer from the bitter tang of the quinine. The second option is to put the ice into a drink where the flavor is desirable. The obvious choice would be to use the ice cubes in gin to make a gin and tonic. Non-alcoholic choices include fruit juice, Mountain Dewâ„ ¢, or Kool-Aidâ„ ¢. Dont worry about diminishing the glow from the ice. This photo is of tonic water ice and water. Types of Tonic Water The tonic water has to contain quinine. It doesnt make a difference whether you use diet or regular tonic water, be sure the label lists quinine. Some brands contain more flavoring than others, but I have had equally good luck with inexpensive store brands and premium brands. Another tip is to use clear plastic cups instead of glasses. Most plastic cups are brightly fluorescent under black light, so you get an added glow if you use them. You might want to take a mini-black light with you when you go shopping, to see what else will glow for you. You can make the ice into a glowing crystal ball to decorate punch bowls or look cool.

Developmental stage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developmental stage - Research Paper Example This viewpoint is clearly illustrated by one infancy development author: The human baby is the most socially influenced creature on earth, open to learning what his own emotions are and how to manage them. This means that our earliest experiences as babies have much more relevance to our adult selves than many of us realise. It is as babies that we first feel and learn what to do with our feelings, when we start to organise our experience in a way that will affect our later behaviour and thinking The first aspect that must be developed in a young offspring is cognition. This is the initial period of alertness where a young offspring learns about his environment and finds ways to appropriately interact with it. Although their memory is not yet refined, they are able to familiarize themselves with the faces, voices, touch or smell of the persons surrounding them. Their range of vision is also limited but they can easily spot bright and moving objects. According to Jean Piaget, there are two significant events that happen during cognitive development. First is what he calls the â€Å"goal-directed behavior† wherein infants start to learn about the cause and effect of their actions. Moreover, they repeat particular actions for they already have the idea that those actions will bring out their desired results. The second significant event in cognition is their notion for â€Å"object permanence†. Before, infants think that if something that they have seen is taken away or hidden, it is completely gone. After their third month, babies will start to develop their thinking that a thing still exists even if it cannot be seen. During this stage, it is normal that infants exhibit budding and intense curiosity with their immediate surrounding. This is the primary reason why babies use their hands and mouth to inspect things. They find joy in exploring things by touching and

Group Cohesion and Productivity (MGT 415) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Group Cohesion and Productivity (MGT 415) - Essay Example I had recently joined the organization and was not fully aware of the all the operations and technologies (Losh). The technology that was used in the organization was very advance. However, instructions and trainings were provided by the management, but many of us still had issues. This problem was resolved when a group project comprising of 6 team members were announced to us. Since, I was new in the organization I had to cope up with different things (Feldman and Arnold), and because of the other 5 members I was able to do so. Working in a team turned out to be helpful and effective as it allowed me and others to share knowledge and overcome shortfalls. The project successfully ended before the given deadline. On the contrary, a similar team project did not work very well a few weeks ago. The team members including me did not have a mutual understanding with each other; thus, the decisions were vague and did not turn out to be as efficient as the last project. The project also failed as the productions was in a deficit and also exceeded the time

Energy Crisis and Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Energy Crisis and Pakistan Essay There has been an enormous increase in the demand of energy in Pakistan as a result of industrial development and population growth, as compared to increase in energy production. The number of energy consumers has increased to 12.5 million: household 46 per cent, industry 28 per cent, agriculture 12 per cent, bulk supply nine per cent and commercial five per cent. For faster economic growth, Pakistan need more generation. Supply of energy is, therefore, far less than actual demand, resultantly crisis has emerged. An energy crisis can be defined as any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. Pakistan’s energy infrastructure is not well developed, rather it is considered to be underdeveloped and poorly managed. Rapid demand growth, transmission losses due to out-dated infrastructure, power theft, and seasonal reductions in the availability of hydropower have worsened the situation. Consequently, the demand exceeds supply and hence load shedding is a common phenomenon in all cities. Energy crisis in Pakistan started in 2007 and in 2008 it took a serious turn. During 2009-10, energy supply and per capita availability of energy witnessed a decline of 0.64 per cent and 3.09 per cent respectively in comparison to previous year. Pakistan needs around 15,000 to 20,000 MW electricity per day, however, currently it is producing about 11,500 MW per day hence there is a shortfall of about 4000 to 9000 MW per day. The power companies, circular debt is a big issue which has risen to 230 billion. Line losses, mainly theft, lone contributed Rs.125 billion to circular debt. It is better for the government to focus on curtailing power theft. Mere power tariff raise could not revive the power sector, as numerous hikes in the past have not resolved the chronic problems of circular debt and power theft. Pakistan’s energy consumption is met by mix of gas, oil, electricity, coal and LPG sources with different level of shares. Share of gas consumptions stood at 43.7 per cent, followed by oil 29.0 per cent, electricity 15.3 per cent, coal 10.4 per cent and LPG 1.5 per cent. Guddu plant is largest thermal operated plant with a capacity of 1,650 MW, while two largest Independent Power Plants (IPPs) are: Kot Addu (1,600 MW) and Hubb river (1,300 MW). In 1994 during the Benazir’s government the IPs projects were bitterly opposed, blaming the government of taking commissions in these projects. However, no one had any idea how to solve the electricity problems. The situation went complicated when the civil-military bureaucracy didn’t allow Nawaz government to export surplus power to India because trading with the enemy on the basis of Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status was not acceptable to them. Now the circumstances have changed and we are ready to import electricity from India by granting them the same MFN status. Hydro power is generated by using electricity generators to extract energy from moving water. Pakistan is having rich resources of energy in hydel power; however, only 34 per cent of total electricity generation is coming from this power. Currently we are having 6555 MW against the potential of 41000 t0 45000 MW. Current hydropower stations are: Tarbella Dam: 3,478 MW; Ghazi Barotha: 1,450 MW; Mangla 1,000 MW; Warsak 240 MW and Chashma 184 MW. Potential hydropower stations are: Diamer-Basha Dam 4,500 Mw; Munda Dam-Swat River in Mohmand Agency 740 MW; Kalabagh Dam 2400-3600 MW; Bunji Dam 5400MW and Dasu Dam 3800 MW. Alternative sources of energy: Wind power harnesses the power of the wind to propel the blades of wind turbines. These turbines cause the rotation of magnets, which create electricity. Though Pakistan has potentials of wind energy ranging from 10000 Mw to 50000 Mw, yet power generation through wind is at the initial stages and currently 06 Mw has been installed in first phase in Jhimpir through a Turkish company and 50 MW will be installed shortly. More wind power plants will be built in Jhimpir, Gharo, Keti Bandar and Bin Qasim Karachi. Solar power involves using solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity, using sunlight hitting solar thermal panels to convert sunlight to heat water or air. Pakistan has the potential of more than 100,000 Mw from solar energy. Building of solar power plants is underway in Azad Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan. However, private vendors are importing panels/solar water heaters for consumption in the market. Alternative energy Development Board (AEDB) is working for 20,000 solar water heaters in Gilgit Baltistan. Mobile companies have been asked by the government is shift supply of energy to their transmission towers from petroleum to solar energy panels. Biomass production involves using garbage or other renewable resources such as sugarcane, corn or other vegetation to generate electricity. When garbage decomposes, methane is produced and captured in pipes and later burned to produce electricity. Vegetation and wood can be burned directly to generate energy, like fossil fuels, or processed to form alcohols. Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programmes from biomass/biodiesel in the world, followed by the US. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistan has planned to generate 10MW of electricity from municipal waste in Karachi followed by similar projects in 20 other cities. Nuclear power stations use nuclear fission reaction to generate energy by the reaction of uranium inside a nuclear reactor. Pakistan has a small nuclear power programme, with 425 MW capacity, but there are plans to increase this capacity substantially. Since Pakistan is outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), it is excluded from trade in nuclear plant or material which hinders its development of civil nuclear energy. Remaining issue in development of nuclear energy are enrichment of uranium from U235 to U238, controlling chain reaction and dumping of solid waste. Pakistan has had wider potentials to tap energy, however, due to lack of any integrated/proactive planning, very less number of power producing plant were installed to meet demand. Resultantly, over the years, the gap between energy demand and supply drastically grew and now against demand of 20000 Mw, we are having around 115000 MW. Energy mix in Pakistan is quite imbalance in comparison to other countries, with greater reliance on non-renewable resources of gas (43.7 per cent) and oil (29 per cent majority of which is imported). Prices of petroleum products/crude oil fluctuate and in current Afro-Arab political crisis, the oil prices are likely to increase manifold affecting oil prices in Pakistan. A rational energy mix planning ought to be developed giving greater dependency to renewable (hydel power), indigenous (coal) and alternative energy resources (wind and solar energy). Coal: Pakistan is having one of the largest coal fields in Thar, having reserves of more than 175 billion tonnes, which exceeds equivalent oil reserves of Saudi Arabia, Iran, etc. In addition to power generation, this coal can be used for chemical and fertilizer production. Moreover, employment provided to workforce can be instrumental in increasing GDP and economic prosperity to many families. This is a positive sign that our renowned scientist, Dr, Samar Mubarakmand, has been working on the project to produce electricity from coal. Pakistan has potential of hydro resources to generate 41000 to 45000 MW; however, only 6555 MW is currently being generated by this important renewable resource. Four large hydropower dams namely Kalabagh 3600 MW, Bhasha 4500 Mw, Bunji 5400 and Dasu 3800 MW can be constructed to generate hydroelectricity. Similarly, many small to medium hydro plants can be installed on rivers and canals, etc. Energy is pivotal for running all other resources and crisis of energy directly influences all other sectors of the economy. The economic progress is hampered by decline in agricultural productivity as well as by halting in operations of industries. One important factor of lower GDP and inflation of commodity prices in recent years is attributed to shortfalls in energy supply. Social issue: this factor is primarily related to the domestic usage of energy (cooking, heating, and water provision). Load shedding cause unrest and frustration amongst the people and results in agitation against the government. Decline in economic growth, lower agricultural productivity, unemployment and shackling industrial growth result in increasing poverty. Currently, around 40 per cent of our population is living below the poverty line and this ratio is increasing day by day. Ample control of energy crisis will surely yield in curbing this menace. Conclusion: energy crisis has, more or less, plagued all sectors ranging from economy to industry, agriculture to social life, inflation to poverty and it is hampering national progress in a drastic manner. Nonetheless, the menace of energy crisis can be controlled by the government through making effective policies and its proactive implementation. Simultaneously, it is the responsibility of all Pakistanis, to utilise the available energy astutely and play our due role in the progress of our country. Following measures will be helpful in fighting the menace of energy crisis.

Saddam Hussein :: essays research papers

Saddam Hussein From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Saddam) Saddam Hussein Enlarge Saddam Hussein Saddām Hussein ʻAbd al-Majid al-Tikrītī (Often spelled Husayn or Hussain; Arabic صدام حسين عبدالمجيد التكريتي; born April 28, 1937 1) was President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. A rising star in the revolutionary Ba'ath Party, which espoused secular pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and socialism, Saddam (see 2 regarding names) played a key role in the bloodless 1968 coup that brought the party to power. As vice president under the frail and elderly General Ahmed Bakr, Saddam tightly controlled conflict between government departments and the armed forces at a time when many organizations were considered capable of overthrowing the government by forging a repressive security apparatus. Meanwhile, Iraq's economy grew at a rapid pace in the 1970s. 3 As president, he developed a pervasive personality cult, ran an authoritarian government, and maintained power through the devastating Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) and the first Persian Gulf War (1991), which both corresponded with a sharp decline in living standards and the human rights situation. Saddam Hussein's government, in particular, engaged in hard repression of movements that it deemed threatened his rule, as well as of ethnic groups that sought independence or autonomy. While he remained a popular hero among many disaffected Arabs for standing up to the West and for his staunch support for the Palestinians,4 the United States continued to view Saddam with deep suspicion following the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Saddam was deposed by the U.S. and its allies during the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. Captured by U.S. forces on December 13, 2003, he will stand trial under the new Iraqi government set up by U.S.-led forces. Contents [showhide] 1 Youth 2 Rise in the Ba'ath party 3 Consolidation of power 3.1 Saddam's consolidation of power and the modernization of Iraq 3.2 Succession 4 Saddam Hussein as a secular leader 5 Foreign affairs 5.1 The Iran–Iraq War 5.2 Tensions with Kuwait 6 The Persian Gulf War 6.1 Postwar aftermath 7 1991-2003 8 2003 invasion of Iraq 8.1 Pursuit and capture 9 Trial 10 Personal 11 Notes 12 Related articles 13 External links [edit] Youth Saddam Hussein was born in the village of Al-Awja, in the Tikrit district of Iraq, to a family of sheep-herders. His mother named her newborn "Saddam," which in Arabic means "one who confronts." He never knew his father, Hussein 'Abd al-Majid, who died or disappeared five months before Saddam was born. Shortly afterwards, Saddam's twelve-year-old brother died of cancer, leaving his mother severely depressed in the final months of the pregnancy.

Burqas Should Not Be Banned

Religion and Society Article Assignment. Articles used – 3A and 3B. The Burqa. Sylvie Maclean. A Burqa is an article of clothing that is generally considered as a religious statement. The Burqa consists of full robes and a mesh veil over the eyes. There are other options of robes that can be worn including the Hijab and the Niqab, where the eyes remain uncovered. According to come interpretations of the Islamic sacred text – the Koran (Qur’an) – women must wear a full veil in order to be modest. Many Muslims wear the Burqa because it is symbolises and is a part of their spiritual journey, so they wear it by choice.While others wear the Burqa because they believe they have to, as it is one of the commandments of god to dress modestly. There are many Muslims who choose not to wear the Burqa at all. They may opt for a simple headscarf and normal clothing; they also can wear the Hijab or Niqab. But then again there are many Muslims who choose to dress in norma l clothes, therefore bringing no attention to their religion. Not wearing the headscarf or robes does not make a person any more religious, nor does wearing the Burqa make someone more religious than another Muslim who is not wearing any religious clothing at all.Just through reading articles A and B, we see that there is a lot of controversy involved in this topic, and something I would like to address is how we have the right to tell others how to dress when their clothing choice brings no harm upon us and is a completely individual and personal choice. Image Source: http://www. hopeitw. com/knowledge/abaya-niqab-burqachadordupatta-hijab/#sthash. OXN8dy8O. dpbs Image Source: http://www. hopeitw. com/knowledge/abaya-niqab-burqachadordupatta-hijab/#sthash. OXN8dy8O. dpbs Throughout article A ‘Why I’m proud to wear the Burqa’ we see examples of the controversies over the banning in France.The author – Oumkheyr – is a Muslim woman who wears the full B urqa by choice, and is being strongly threatened by the French Government where a ban of Burqas may soon be implemented. Oumkheyr says â€Å"I really believe that France is scared of Muslims, which is the motivation for this law, but people shouldn't generalize as not all Muslims are the same. Yes, some have done terrible things, but it is done in the name of man, never in the name of God. † But, although in the Koran there are verses that say some hateful things like â€Å"slay them wherever you catch them† (Quran 2:191), these quotes are taken completely out of context.The rest of that particular quote is as follows â€Å"fight in the cause of God those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for God loves not transgressors. And slay them wherever you catch them, and turn them out from where they have turned you out; for tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter†¦ But if they cease, God is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful†¦ If they cease, let there b e no hostility except to those who practice oppression† (2:190-193). The Koran gives messages of hope, faith and peace.It’s easy to take something out of context and quote it, but it means that what was originally being said loses all meaning. Linking back to the Burqa ban, maybe the French government would stop being so scared of muslims if someone actually bothered to read the full quote. Oumkheyr makes some very strong points in her article, that everyone should take into consideration when deciding their personal opinion of the Burqa ban proposal. The second article, ‘The Burqa is a war on women’ addresses the reasoning for a ban. The author – Virginia Haussegger – has successfully outlined the views of many non-muslims.Within the first two lines Ms Haussegger has already accused the Burqa of subjectifying women, and stated that the reason for wearing the Burqa is what ‘God Demands’. What the author doesn’t seem to real ise is that for the majority of muslims, wearing the Burqa is a personal choice, and most say they don’t think it is a ‘demand’ as such, but more of a way to become more in touch with god and the rest of their religion. Some Islamic tectsstate that women should dress modestly, but wearing the Burqa is the individuals’ decision, and it reflects on the individuals’ values and beliefs about the word ‘modesty’.This article brings up many points about equality. Saying that while ‘men roam free while women wear a sackcloth that dehumanises them. Although it is true that Muslim men do not walk around shrouded head to toe, this is for a reason that Haussegger seems to have forgotten: women’s bodies are constantly being subjectified and having their bodies sexualized, and men are not. Although this is not necersarily the ‘politically correct’ thing to say, it is the truth, and wearing the Burqa is a way for this to stop .The author does have some very valid points on the subject of actual legitimacy of the commandment about the Burqa, but even if the Koran does not state ‘Women must cover their face and bodies to hide from public view’, the Burqa, Hijab, and Niqab are just clothes. By reading these articles it is clear to see that both authors are fighting for the rights of Muslim women. Although Virginia Haussegger clearly believes that by wearing the Burqa women are being further objectified, both authors agree that what we wear is our choice and no one elses.Muslims live by their holy text and if the individual interprets its commandments to believe that to be a good muslim you must wear the burqa, then that it their choice, and freedom of choice is a human right that we should all have. What Haussegger sadly doesn’t appear to understand is that no matter how a Muslim chooses to dress, their beliefs are the same and they are living by the same god, so banning one article of c lothing cannot change how the individual will behave.My opinion on the Burqa is that although the outfit may be somewhat demeaning, it is a personal choice that I will never fully understand. Now that I have done further research into the topic I understand the choices and decisions that are made when the Burqa is concerned, and I am definitely more open to other people’s opinions. I think it is completely unreasonable for non-muslims to call a ban on the Burqa as it is a human right that we are free to express ourselves however we see fit, and if this is how some Muslims choose to express their religion, then good for them.Form| Title| URL| Date accessed| Article| Should Burqas Be Banned? | http://middleeast. about. com/u/ua/religionsectarianism/burqa-hijab-ban. htm| 14/03/2013| Book| Islam beliefs and teachings| Written by Ghulam Sarwar| 20/03/2013| Article| We too should ban the Burqa| http://www. telegraph. co. uk/comment/columnists/allison-pearson/8449101/We-too-should-b an-the-burka. html| 23/03/2013| Article| Europe must not ban the burka| http://www. guardian. co. uk/commentisfree/2010/mar/08/europe-ban-burqa-veil|

Personal Development Paper

I was influenced the way I determine different actions or behavior in a particular situation since I was a child. Growing up with a Baptist mother and four brothers made me value different things and behave in a particular way. In addition, this made me a have a particular ethical system that influences the way I work and act as an individual. At the corporation level, ethics is important because they set the rules and policy. In this paper, I will explain the developmental aspects of my ethics as well as my ethical system, the effects of my ethics at my workplace, and importance of ethics in an association to achieve its goals. My ethical system was shaped since I was a child. Growing up with a Baptist mother, definitely influence the way I value my family. In addition, some of my decisions are influenced by this Baptist upbringing. We treated everyone in the neighborhood like relatives, so even if you had one parent the neighbors would help the parent raise you. This was the standard I was use to until middle school, when I started wanting more freedom. My ethical system really started to develop then. The middle school I went to was 97% black 2% Hispanic and 1% white. As kids on the verge of being teens, we would test each other to do things that we knew was wrong just to see if we could get away with it. As dumb as it sounds that was the rules. As a kid, you do not think of what can go wrong. Then in high school things, changed hormones took over and everybody wanted sex. We know at that age that should have been that last thing on our minds but it was the first thing we thought about from sun up to sun down. My ethics would not allow me to take drugs. I saw for myself the effects of drugs and that was a route I could not take. Joining the Army really set in stone my ethical system that I would come to live by. We had so many rules and regulations that govern us that it only took one mistake to ruin your life. My underlying ethical system was in jeopardy every day. Treat people how you wanted to be treated even if they did not. The drill sergeants did not have to treat us like people, so we became a product owned by the US government. I learned honor, duty, respect, selfless service, leadership, and other things. That is when I discovered that the world was bigger that just me. One time in Afghanistan, one of my soldiers was on detail to help fix roads in country. The location that they were at had not been scan for landmines. The people in charge did not know that, so I jumped in a vehicle to find her so she would not be injured. By the time I got there, they were already in the middle of the minefield. I should have waited for the recovery unit to get there but I did not want see anyone be killed. First, I made them stop what they were doing and backtrack all the way out. No one got hurt it was the fact that made feel like I did the right thing for my fellow soldiers. This was a case of a duty-based ethical system. Then along came the marriage and the family. This is where my ethical system changed to a relativistic system. Dealing with a wife and kids there is no black and white, but there are many gray areas. You can never be right unless you agree with your wife even if she is wrong. The kids ask questions that you cannot answer so you tell them something made up just to make them better. The potential effects of my ethics on my performance helps me make the right choices at work most of the time. Shipping parts and items internationally there are a lot regulations you have to follow. Some people try to cheat the system and half way do paperwork thinking we can let them get away with it. Well, if that happens and the item is held up at the docks or on the plane, the company has to pay a fine a big fine now a day. If you are involved in that, you can be fired. One time not too long ago we were helping a customer get their parts shipped to out Hardy facility. After 4:00pm, you cannot ship any big item at that time because of traffic. We told the manger that the item could not ship it will have to go out tomorrow. He stated that the customer wanted the item that day and could not wait. The item went out any way and was damaged because the driver had to take back streets to get to our other facility. The item was so tall that it hit every tree it came in contact with which cost the customer $125,000 dollars to fix. The next time they try to ship anything they have to get permission from more than just the customer. They have to get hand written permission from three different sections so they can get the best service that we can give them even if we do not give what they want all the time. Ethics are need in organizations like mine so people will not take advantage of other co-workers and the customers. People in these companies sometimes treat the worker unfairly and will not pay them for their worth. They work long hours and get no compensation. Some companies like ENRON cheat people and cause problems globally because of the different investors that have invested in the company. The individual loses their job, the organization suffers in the public’s eye and society see the company as a sham. If an organization’s ethics are being held by the employees the company does well and the people know that the organization can be trusted. Most of these organizations have ethics classes and different types of learning programs to help the employees understand the importance of ethics. Conclusion Many different factors guide a person to have the ethical standpoint they have in life. Over time and as that person grows their ethics change and grows with them. There are no black and whites, good and bad, just people for the most part doing what they believe to be right in there point of view.

Flood Range essays

Flood Range essays Over the last few weeks we have learned quite a bit about the land around us. Floods, landslides, why things are caused, and what we can do to prevent some potential hazards. Here I will attempt to compare two possible properties and why they are either a good or bad investment. Things such as their location, the land around them and what alterations may be needed will all help in my evaluation. The first location is called Spectacular River Views. Overall it sounds like a great place to live. It is close to downtown, has a secure neighborhood, and a good view of the Ohio River. Overall this sounds like a great place to live but because of its location there are certain downsides to it. With a little time and money though, this could be one of the best investments a person could make. First off is the price of the property. At $200,000 per 1/4 acre it is a little pricey only because of the great view and because it is so close to downtown. Second, this property is located on a hill, which makes it prone to landslides and erosion, and even though the river view is a plus it is very possible that a flood will occur. Dont get me wrong, these problems are huge, but with a little time and money these problems can either be slowed down or prevented in the future. Because it is located on the river and there is a potential hazard for a flood there is the option of build ing a retaining wall. This will allow the river to flood but protect your property and keep it from being submerged in water. Also because you are up on a hill, the retaining wall will not obstruct your view of the river and of downtown Cincinnati. Next, you must resolve your landslide problem. This can cause a lot of damage if a landslide does occur. The best option would be to plant trees all along the hillside to provide some support and strength. The trees roots will inter-wind with the soil making it stronger and less prone to a l ...

Course of Study for 1st Grade Math

Course of Study for 1st Grade Math The following list provides you with the basic concepts that should be attained by the end of the school year. Mastery of the concepts at the previous grade is assumed. All 1st grade worksheets. Number Read, print, locate, compare, order, represent, estimate, identify numbers to 100 and mentally add numbers to 10 Count by 2s, 5s and 10s to one hundred, count backwards from any given point from 100Understand number conservation - 6 pennies is represented by a 6 etc. Understand 1/2 and use the term applied to every day situations Recognize coins, add pennies and take away pennies Measurement Use and understand more than, less than, the same as, heavier than, lighter than, taller than etc. Tell time to the half and full hour with both analog and digital clocks Compare objects by several attributes and classify them (red small squares, red large triangles etc.)Understand temperature differences outside and inside, colder weather and hotter weather Measure items with non-standard units of measure (pencil lengths, finger widths etc.) Geometry Describe, identify, create and sort shapes (squares, triangles, circles, rectangles etc.) Describe similarities and differences in 3 dimensional objects (some slide, some roll etc.)Construct pictures using a variety of shapes that can be identified Recognize symmetry in drawings and shapes Move shapes in front of, beside, behind, ahead of etc. Algebra Identify, describe and extend patterns of numbers, shapes, colors or words e.g., **-**-**- or 1,3,5,7 Find patterns in counting charts to 100 [Count by 2s] Be able to talk about pattern rules. 1,3,5 is skip a number etc. Probability Use graphs to record number of pets, hair colour temperature etc. Conduct simple surveys and generate yes, no questions All Grades Pre-K Kdg. Gr. 1 Gr. 2 Gr. 3 Gr. 4 Gr. 5 Gr. 6 Gr. 7 Gr. 8 Gr. 9 Gr. 10 Gr.11 Gr. 12

The Meaning Of Adhering To A Monotheistic Theology Essay

The Meaning Of Adhering To A Monotheistic Theology - Essay Example Judaism holds on the belief that even with the existence of these gods their religion is built on the relationship of the supreme God and his creations. Jews have ethical monotheism, which brings the concept of unity in humanity. Jews view monotheism in the aspect of one God who sustains and guides all the moral actions on humankind; they take him to be responsible for all the actions that are moral in the world. This belief in only one God represents the way humankind should live, that is if God is one, indivisible and singular then humankind should live as one and in unity. Christians view monotheism as Trinity; this is the belief in one God with three aspects, which are the father, the son and the Holy Spirit. Christianity as the name states mainly revolves around the belief in the son, Jesus Christ, all the early Christians followed Christ. Christians however, view the three aspects of the Trinity to be very relational, evident in the Nicene Creed, that points out they believe in one God creator of all, they believe in Jesus Christ the son of God, and the Holy Ghost. The Nicene Creed has three parts, one dealing with God the creator, the second part the son as the consubstantial deity and the third the holy spirits. As per the Nicene Creed, the son is the savior redeems sinners from their sins, while the Holy Spirit helps guide the church to the truth. The divisions in the Trinity are all relational, bringing in the belief of one singular God that should guide the Christians to unity Muslim mainly views monotheism to bring the concept of unity to humanity. Muslims believe that there is only one God. This God is the creator of all the heavenly and the earthly beings.

U.S Departments of Justice versus Eight Cigarette Companies Assignment

U.S Departments of Justice versus Eight Cigarette Companies - Assignment Example In addition, they stood accused of luring thousands of children to start smoking by producing enticing adverts that did not have risks attached to them. Furthermore, the companies were accused of making money illegally through unscrupulous means and hence should return their profits made since 1953 to the U.S government. According to the information provided, the tobacco companies stood accused of breaching their duty to care. In as much as they had reports of research conducted in the 1950’s about the dangers of cigarette smoking, they still went ahead to market their products to consumers, created a chance to get children to smoke, and make more people addicted to the product which eventually led to deaths related to cigarette smoking (Ellet 27). By breaching their duty to care for their consumers, the companies were supposed to be sued. In the duty to exercise care, a company is required to take measures which should prevent injury or damages resulting from the use of their products. According to the US government, they sued the 8 cigarette companies since they were aware of the risks of smoking cigarettes, yet went ahead to market them. The solution, in this case, will be to ensure that the 8 companies use the amount gained through unscrupulous ways to promote the public on the dangers of smoking (Ellet 89). The government in a bid to protect the citizens from deaths caused by advertisements which are misleading wanted to give back to the people what they had lost. A lot of American citizens had been misled by their adverts since 1953 by encouraging the use of smoking and attributing it to not cause lung cancer. The US government is suing the cigarette companies was supposed to make sure that such practices are not carried out.  

Conceptual Definition of Alcoholism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conceptual Definition of Alcoholism - Assignment Example Categorizing indicators like family income, family size, values orientation, peer interactions and alcohol dependency (which are indicators of social, cultural and economic dimensions) may have measurements using "scale" and cab be interpreted as "very high", "high", "average", "low", and "very low". The aim of a good measurement is to avoid error component as much as possible, and this can be achieved by establishing validity and reliability measures. Validity is the measure of accuracy; to measure what really is to be measured. The content, criterion, or construct validity are the types of validity. Validity can be established by the use of standardized or quality assured instruments of data. Finally, reliability measures the extent to which a measure is error free (Dipboye, Smith, & Howell, 1994). Pilot testing of instruments and reliability testing of data collected are some ways to ensure reliability.

Tesco PESTEL Framework

Tesco PESTEL Framework Introduction Tesco is the largest organization in the UK and one of the biggest supermarket chains in the world. Tesco is one of the top three supermarkets in the world, Tesco operating over 3700 stores globally and employing over 440,000 people. The company operates in 13 countries outside the UK. There are many factors which contribute directly to the success of this leading super market chain. Business Strategy plays a pivotal role in the success of Tesco. Tescos History Tesco was founded in 1920s by Sir Jack Cohen, to setup high street grocery stores in and around London. Tesco name used for the first time in Edgeware London in 1929. The name was drawn from the initials of the companys tea supplier (T.E Stockwell), and Cohens own name. In 1930s when Mr. Cohen built a headquarters and warehouse in North London, its brand continually rises. In 1932 Tesco formally established as a private limited company. In 1947 Tesco stores (holdings) ltd floated on the stock exchange with a share price of 25p. In 1990s the company introduce a slogan Every Little Help, they also introduce Club card scheme in 1995. Tesco personal Finance was introduced in 1997, in order to provide its customers with a wide array of financial services, including visa card, and Tesco saving account in stores bank branches. Today it reported that group sales were  £51.8bn in the year to February 23 2008. Pre-tax profit rose to  £2.8bn. Company Analysis: PESTEL Framework Political Factors Tesco is operating in different countries, so due to its globalised operation its performance is highly affected by the Political and legislative conditions of these countries. According to Balchin, 1994 the Govt encourages the retailers to provide mix job from flexible and locally based jobs to highly skilled, higher-paid and centrally located jobs. (Balchin, 1994) Economical Factors Tesco is also affected by economical factors, such as costs, demand, prices and profits. Unemployment is the most important influential factor which decreases the effective demand for many goods. Basically Tesco is affected indirectly by the economic factor, but their affect on performance and the marketing mix can be learned. Social/Cultural Factors Due to the rapid change in trends, the company expand the amount of non food items available for sale. The UK customers have moved towards one stop and huge shopping, due to the variety of social changes. It also affected by Demographic changes such as population, female worker are increased, so the company will have to focusing added- value products and services. Technological Factors Technology factors are affected the development of many of the Tesco products. Both customers and company are capitalized from the Technology, because customer satisfaction mount for goods readily available, services becomes more quick and shopping more convenient. The lunch of the efficient Consumer Response initiative provided the shift that is now apparent in management of food supply chains. (Data monitor Report, 2003) The company uses the following technologies: Wireless Devices Intelligent scale Electronic shelf labelling Self check-out machine Radio Frequency identification (RFID) Companys Analysis: Porters Five Forces Threat of New Entrants The UK grocery market is primary henpecked by few competitors, including four major brands of Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morisons that process a market share of 70% and small chain of Somerfield, Waitrose, and lidle with further 10%. However, due to the large operation they built their power to operating efficiency, one-stop shopping and major marketing mix expenditure. Hence, nowadays it possesses a strong barrier for new companies who crave to enter the grocery market. To become a market leader Tesco invest huge money in large chain, advance technology for checkout and stock control system that impact the new entrants and existing ones. Bargaining Power of Customers According to Michael Porter, the more products that become standardised or undifferentiated, the lower the switching cost, and hence more power is yielded to buyers. Porters M. (1980). Tescos famous loyalty card Club card keep the most successful customer holding strategy that tremendously increases the profitability of Tescos business. To fulfil customers needs, custom-make service, ensure low prices, better choices, constant flow of in store promotions enables brands like Tesco to control and hold their customer base. Bargaining Power of Supplier Tesco has negotiating better promotional prices from supplier that small individual chains are unable to match. And this is company policy and company main approach to have unparallel relationships with suppliers. Threat of Substitutes According to the Porters theory, General substitution is able to reduce demand for a particular product, as there is a threat of consumers switching to the alternatives (Porter M1980). However in the grocery market this can be seen in the form of product for product, new trends such as the way of small and convenient stores are emerging in the market. Bargaining Power of Competitors Tesco is operating in mature market, where growth is difficult, and consumer are extend demanding and advanced, large chains as company take place large amounts of consumer information that can be used to communicate with consumer. Therefore the preponderant market leaders have responded refocusing on price and value, whilst reinforcing the added value elements of their service. Analysis of Resources, Competence and Culture For the company, customer is first priorities, by the time of recession, a research shows that price are ranked as the most important margins not seen in twodecades. Therefore the company believe that their job is to help the customer with less spending. So the company launched value line, the famous blue stripes, the company would be able to provide the cheapest grocery shop in the country discounter included. The company maintain its position through a clear focus, well targeted product offer and excellent record both in product and format design. Core Competence Core competence is the processes that critically underpin the companys competitive advantage. Tesco primary target is to recognise that competition between businesses is as much a race for competence as it is for market position and market power. Hence, the Company have to focus the attending on competencies that really influence competitive advantage. Core competence is basically the process to develop the key area of a business in which the company expert, which bring a distinctive advantage over the competitors, and also critically connected with company long term growth. However, it will be important for Tesco to look at the generic level. Therefore in this case, Tescos expertise are most likely to mature central area of business where the most value added to its services and its devilries. For example, trust on Tesco brand prevarication at the heart of these services In addition, Core competencies of a Tesco have rather rigid, but a research shows that core competencies have to elastic, and it should be change in response to change in companys environment over the time. Therefore the company need to accommodate and create new idea and also new opportunity in the market. For example, Tesco launched its loyalty card and went into banking. Tesco able to enter into retailing of food and non food products was a clear distinctive brand proposition that had a focus on a properly define market section. The company also provide a strong and efficient customer service, based on a good customer relationship. Tesco Strategic Options: Generic Strategies Introduction: According to Porter (1985), competitive advantage arises from selection of the generic strategy that best fits the organisations competitive environment and then organizing activities to support the chosen strategy. These strategies are characterised by the company in response to their structure and environment of the organization. However to obtain a competitive advantage Tesco should follow one of the three strategies, which is developed by Porter. Cost Leadership Tesco accommodate the first strategy of cost leadership in which can endeavour the lowest costs in the market and offer its products and services to broad market at the lowest prices. The company are more focusing on the effective saving programme call Step-Change. By this programme the company delivered  £540 million of productivity and other saving in the year, which mostly reinvested in improving the shopping trip for customers. To reducing the amount of energy the company introduce better ways of working to improve the efficiency by making things better for customers, simpler for stop and cheaper for company. For example, according to a report, in the last year the company saved 52,000 deliveries to companys stores by using larger-fill-double-decked vehicles, which in turn have also 12 million road miles. Some other example of these projects which delivered substantial savings in the year includes: Saving in the Supply Chain-the company using more shelf-ready packaging and reconfiguring the depot network to increased vehicle utilisation and more productive work methods in depots and stores. For example the distribution cost more held in cash terms and reduced in percentage of sales terms. By this method the company achieved despite higher fuel costs. Installed Energy Saving-the company significantly invest in energy-saving projects across the business- such as new refrigeration, store lobbies and lighting, its helping the company to absorb utility costs. From the energy consumption the company fell by 8% last year despite business growth. Low wage employees- the company have around 31000 employees working in India as Global Support Centre, which provides IT and administrative support to UK and International operationsfrom software development to management accounting and payroll. If the company use another strategy of differentiation, the company then tries to offer a good services and product with unequal features that customers value. With the differentiation strategy the company created a brand loyalty for their offering, and price inelasticity on the parts of buyers. For example to achieve a better and more efficient service provide by the company to checkouts, many more customers didnt have to queue last year and customer continue to rank the company for speed of services at the checkout. Another example of this approach, the company have different brand product according to their feature, speciality, and reliability. Such as Tesco value, Finest, Organic etc Value Chain Primary Activities Inbound logistics According to Alex Laffey, we choose G-Logs logistics and transportation technology because their solution will support and enhance our low-cost, high quality approach to growth in the retail market. Major factors in our decision to select G-Log were the close and demonstrable fit of their software to our requirements, and their ability to rapidly deploy the solution in phases to meet our aggressive project time frame. G-log is providing visibility, optimization, and execution will enable the company to integrate their supplier, partners and logistics service providers, delivering real-time visibility of in transit orders, whilst optimising the transportation resources by both consolidating loads and selecting the most cost effective carrier. The G-log continues to shows to deliver significant result, and to provide value to its customers, in terms of improved customer services, reduced costs and enhanced competitive advantage. Outbound Logistics Outbound logistics is concerned with the delivering the product to the customer. The company adds value to its home delivery services. Tesco also trying to improve other tangible that have to be improved, such as parking facilities, trolley collectors, staff on self service checkout, and also to saying to customer hello hey and thank you with smiling face. The company making small improvements in everything with Every Little Help is about the company work together on the little things, its amount to a great deal. It keeps the focused on what matters most to customers. The company do not sacrifice all the other things that are so important to customers, such as not having to queue and being able to get everything that they want. Support Activities Company Infrastructure The company introduce software Real Time Integrator (RTI) which provides retailer with faster access to critical business information, through the provision and use of accurate, detailed, point-of-sale (POS) information. Sale data from individual store database will be routed to head office in XML to Microsoft server and Microsoft SQL. The solution handles 1500 sales transactions a second at peak times, which each have an average of between 50 and 100 items. To reduce the number not the on file items the first application for RTI will pilot for 120 stores, which improve the customer experience. Human Resources Management Tesco introduce a high commitment model which offers training and development to all employees. In addition the company extend their logo through their culture to prove their commitment to employees as well as to customers. The company continue to invest in customer services where training is also directly linked to pay, therefore the staff is motivated to learn and encourage their approach to customers and services and the provision of qualities. Conclusion With the research carried out, the company shows how the branding and effective service delivery can come in moving beyond splashing ones logo on billboard. The company made their market leader due to their successful and dynamic strategies. The company also made a powerful brand and powerful identities making their retailing concept into various and spending it out into the culture via a variety of channels. Such culture sponsorship, political controversy, consumer experience and brand extensions. The company change their culture and business environment very rapidly due to the high competitors pressure. The company also have to diversify the product and expand their strategies in order to sustain in its leading market position. This is already established by the company. Tesco need to make sure, to have the combination of good customer services, competitive pricing and efficiency when they launching a new product. Tesco has definitely has the potential and can compete with other store if the company get the above combination right. REFERENCES http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/nov/09/supermarkets.tesco1 Tesco history from. http://www.telegraph.co.uk http://www.cn.tesco.com/en/aboutus/aboutus_history.htm http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/tesco-thinks-small-to-be-big-in-america-394385.html Datamonitor Report (2003) Food retail industry profile: United Kingdom, January; Datamonitor Report (2003) SWOT Analysis Tesco PLC, July; Datamonitor Report (2003) Company Profile: Tesco PLC Analysis, October; Tesco Annual Report and Financial Statement 2009, To find out more go towww.tesco.com/annualreport09 De Toni A. and Tonchia S. (2003) Strategic planning and firms competencies: Traditional approaches and new perspectives, International Journal of Operations Production Management, Vol. 23 Issue 9, pp.947-976; http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FNP/is_4_44/ai_n13248624/ http://www.tesco.com/talkingtesco/oldDefault.asp Drejer A. (2000) Organisational learning and competence development, The Learning Organization: An International Journal, Vol. 7 Issue 4, pp.206-220; Finch P. (2004) Supply chain risk management, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 9 Issue 2, pp.183-196; Graiser A. and Scott T. (2004) Understanding the Dynamics of the Supermarket Sector, The Secured Lender, Vol. 60 Issue 6, November/December, pp.10-14; Johnson G. and Scholes K. (2003) Exploring Corporate Strategy, 6th ed.,Prentice Hill: London; Lindgreen A. and Hingley M. (2003) The impact of food safety and animal welfare policies on supply chain management: The case of the Tesco meat supply chain, British Food Journal, Vol. 105 Issue 6, pp.328-349; MarketWatch (2004) Company Spotlight: Tesco, Datamonitor, September; Mintel Report (2004) Food Retailing -UK, Retail Intelligence, Nobember; Myers H. (2004) Trends in the food retail sector across Europe, European Retail Digest, Spring, Issue 41, pp.1-3; Palmer M. (2004) International retail restructuring and divestment: the experience of Tesco, Journal of Marketing Management, November, Vol. 20 Issue 9/10, pp.1075-1101; Porter M. (1980) How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, The McKinsey Quartely, Spring 1980, pp.34-50; Ritz (2005) Store wars, Business Review, Vol. 11, April, pp.22-23; Veliyath R. and Fitzgerald E. (2000) Firm Capabilities, Business Strategies, Customer Preferences, and Hypercompetitive Arenas: The Sustainability of Competitive Advantages with Implications for Firm Competitiveness, Competitiveness Review, Vol. 10 Issue 1, pp.56-82; Bibliography Anon (2004) Case Study IV: Tesco implements the business engine network to gain full control of it IT Project Portfolio, Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management Vol.12. Tesco business strategy, 2008 available at http://www.bized.co.uk/ Tesco business strategy 2008 available at www.tescocorporate.com/images/TescocsrReview02_0.pdf Datamonitor Report (2003) Company Profile: Tesco PLc Analysis, http://university-essays.tripod.com/porters_generic_strategies.html Palmer, M. (2005), Retail multinational learning: a case study of Tesco, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 33 No. 1

Ben & Jerrys Ice Cream :: essays research papers

Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream was founded on the corporate concept of linked prosperity, interrelating a three-part mission statement to focus their company’s growth. Their mission statement, which covers their product, economic and social goals, focuses both the leadership and the workforce on their key values. These values include staying in touch with the customer base, using quality ingredients, maintaining profitability and maintaining social awareness and accountability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the history of the company, its owners, Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, have interacted with their customers, gaining knowledge on what people like and dislike about their ice cream. Opening their store in Burlington, Vermont in 1978, they immediately began interfacing with the local populace by hosting a free summer movie festival, projecting movies on the wall of their renovated gas station. In 1985, they introduced New York Super Fudge Chunk ®, a flavor suggested by a writer from New York City. Throughout the years, they have continued to introduce new flavors either suggested or inspired by either regular individuals or well-known celebrities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ben and Jerry launched their â€Å"Cowmobile†, a modified mobile home used to distribute free scoops of ice cream in a unique cross-country marketing drive. Unfortunately, the vehicle burned to the ground outside Cleveland, but everyone escaped unharmed. Ben said it looked like â€Å"the world’s largest baked Alaska.† Undaunted they resurrected the idea the following year with â€Å"Cow II†, once again going cross country giving away free scoops. That same year, at the suggestion of two â€Å"DeadHeads’ from Portland Maine, Ben and Jerry introduced the first ice cream named for a rock legend, Cherry Garcia. In 1988 they introduced Chunky Monkey at the request of a college student in New Hampshire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Staying in touch with their customers would not enable Ben and Jerry to be as successful as they have become if their ice cream was not high quality as well. The second value the company espouses is to use only wholesome, natural ingredients. They began their operation on this premise, utilizing fresh Vermont milk and cream to create their frozen concoctions. During a period of volatility in the dairy market in 1991, the company went so far as to pay a dairy premium totaling a half million dollars to combat Vermont dairy farmers’ losses. This helped protect the family farmers who supplied the milk for Ben and Jerry’s ice cream. The combination of good product and good marketing over the years has enabled Ben and Jerry’s to increase sales and maintain profitability year after year.

Rene Castellani

In 1965, Rene Castellani was working as a radio promotions manager on his show â€Å"The Dizzy Dialer† in New Westminster, and slowly killing his wife, Esther Castellani, by poisoning her with arsenic. This had been going on for a period of several months with no one noticing, not even the doctors. Mrs. Castellani had gone to the hospital many times but doctors could not discover what was causing her illness. After having been sick for nine months Mrs. Castellani died on July, 11 1965.The autopsy report showed that Mrs. Castellani had died from â€Å"a viral infection and heart attack. † Several months after her burial, a woman named Adelaide Miller, presumably Rene’s accomplice, who planned to marry him after Rene had collected the insurance money, contacted the Crown Attorney and said she knew how Mrs. Castellani was killed. She and Rene Castellani had been having an affair from approximately the fall 1964 to the spring of 1966. Both Adelaide Miller and Rene Ca stellani were poisoning Mrs.Castellani with arsenic. Authorities exhumed the body of Mrs. Castellani on August 3rd, 1965 from the cement crypt of Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Municipality of Burnaby, and delivered it to a morgue in Vancouver where a post? mortem examination was conducted by Dr. Thomas Redo Harmon. Tests known as â€Å"X-ray diffraction† procedures were done. The results showed that the arsenic levels in her body were high enough to kill her. During the trial, which took place on 26 September 1967, Dr.Moscovitch, who treated Mrs. Castellani, said he had never considered arsenic poisoning. Dr. Moscovitch said: â€Å"The possibility of arsenic never occurred to us at all. † Of all the 125 clinical tests that had been performed during her illness, none had identified arsenic. Subsequently, Mr. Castellani was arrested, sentenced for murder on November 12, 1966, found guilty, and sentenced to death, which was later changed to life in prison. Rene Castell ani died on January 4, 1982.

Buddhism & History

Buddhism is a spiritual practice that leads to insight true nature of life It’s a practice of mind developing like the awareness ,kindness and wisdom. The history of transformation of Japanese marriage and kinship over the course of Hein (794-1185) and Kamakura (1185-1333). The role of Buddhist funerary and memorial rituals in creation. Graveyards have been deserted and lonely places were known as such, yet there is something inappropriate in this. In the beginning of the eleventh century we find no evidence of such resident grave tenders.In the later periods,  the development of more permanent stone markers for graves, the burial became a site of worship. It became the place to define a family group and strengthen the bond of kinship. The preservation of bones and the development of maintained, regularly visited grave are indicators of the signification of Japanese kinship practices that took place through the medium of Buddhist death ritual and memorial practice. The langu age of kinship and gender of the Chinese ritual has changed the Japanese family. The introduction of Chinese Buddhist ideas about the postmortem lives of families had ramifications for many generations of men and women to come.Women in Japan were not always temporary members of the families of their birth. The women kept their family names after marriage. A daughter would leave their family to become a wife and a mother with the family which she would come to be identified. At death she would join the family lineage as the consort of father-cum-ancestor and genetrix link of the present link of the patrilineal link. It was Buddhist rituals that shape family links. The burial of daughters with their father’s represents the continuing indispensability of women in the avuncular politics. They died as their father’s daughter’s and buried amongpartrilineal relatives, their bones revered ancestral relics by the children and grandchildren of their brother. In addition t o age restrictions, Japan also prohibits close relatives from getting married. This is a very common marriage rule that is held by many modern nations. Close relatives include blood relatives, step relatives and adoptive relatives. However, the period of most intense preoccupation with. Keeping daughter’s' bone’s â€Å"in the family† ironically marked the initial entrenchment of agnatic, or partrilineal, principles of descent in Japan. The posthumous divorce was common in mayareas in Japan. This was the custom was that the most women commit suicide or had failed to produced male children was sent back to her natal family. This act signifies severing of ties with the dead women and responsibilities for her funeral rite, burial and memorial services back onto her family that had raised her. The idea of married woman belongs to their husbands and sons comes as no surprises. The memorial practices gathered by the Japanese folklorist in the twentieth century reveal a great deal of regional variation. Japanese kinship system daughters leaves their families to live and die.The idea that a daughter should stay with her father came to apply to final place as it had to marriage residence. By the end of the Murumachi period, the women lived by their husband’s people. Ancestor consciousness in Japan is very weak. Only with the importation of the concept of lineage from the Korean Peninsula does the history of ancestor worship begun. Reference : â€Å" The Early Stages In The Development of Group Descent of Organization,† in Kinship Organization in Late Imperial China, ed. Patricia Ebrey and James Watson( Berkely University of California Press, 1986) 16-61